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Common methods of machining precision control
by：Foxron
2021-11-19
(1) Trial cutting method
That is, first try to cut out a small part of the processing surface, measure the scale obtained from the test cutting, adjust the position of the cutting edge of the tool relative to the workpiece according to the processing requirements, and then try to cut, and then measure, so after two or three trial cuts and measurements, When the processed size reaches the requirements, the entire surface to be processed is then cut.
The trial cutting method goes through 'trial cutting-measurement-adjustment-retry cutting' and repeats until it reaches the required scale accuracy and stops. For example, the trial boring of the box hole system.
The accuracy of the trial cutting method may be very high. It does not require messy equipment, but this method is time-consuming (requires multiple adjustments, trial cutting, measurement, and accounting), low power, and depends on the skill level and measurement of the workers The precision and quality of the utensils are unstable, so they are only used for single-piece small batch production.
As a type of trial-cutting method——matching, it is based on the processed part, processing the other-workpiece which is well-matched, or combining two (or more) work pieces together for processing Method. The requirements for reaching the final processed dimensions in the matching work are based on the requirements for cooperation with the processed parts.
(2) Adjustment method
Pre-adjust the precise relative positions of the machine tool, fixtures, cutting tools and workpieces with sample or standard parts to ensure the accuracy of the dimensions of the workpiece. Because the scale is adjusted in advance, there is no need to try cutting again during processing. The scale is automatically obtained and remains unchanged during the processing of a batch of parts. This is the adjustment method. For example, when using a milling machine fixture, the orientation of the tool is determined by the tool set. The essence of the adjustment method is to use the fixed-range equipment or tool setting equipment on the machine tool or the pre-set tool holder to make the tool reach a certain azimuth accuracy relative to the machine tool or fixture, and then process a batch of workpieces.
It is also a kind of adjustment method to feed the tool according to the dial and then cut on the machine tool. This method requires first to determine the scale on the dial according to the trial cut method. In mass production, tool setting equipment such as fixed-range stoppers, prototypes, and prototypes are often used for adjustment.
The adjustment method is more stable than the cutting method. It has high productivity. It does not require high machine tool operators, but it has high requirements for machine tool adjusters. It is often used in batch production and mass production.
(3) Scaling method
The method of using the corresponding dimensions of the tool to ensure the dimensions of the processed part of the workpiece is called the sizing method. It uses standard-scale tool processing, and the size of the machined surface is determined by the tool size. That is, a tool with a certain degree of accuracy (such as a reamer, a reamer, a drill, etc.) is used to ensure the accuracy of the workpiece (such as a hole).
The sizing method is easy to operate, has high productivity, and the processing accuracy is relatively stable. It has nothing to do with the technical level of the workers. It has high productivity and is widely used in various types of production. For example, drilling, reaming, etc.
(4) Active measurement method
In the process of machining, measuring the machining dimensions while machining, and comparing the measured results with the dimensions required by the plan, or make the machine tool continue to operate or stop the machine tool. This is the active measurement method.
The value in the active measurement can be displayed digitally. The active measurement method adds measurement equipment to the process system (that is, the unity of machine tools, tools, fixtures, and workpieces) and becomes its fifth element.
The active measurement method has stable quality and high productivity, which is the development direction.
(5) Active control method
This method is composed of measuring equipment, feeding equipment and control system. It is an active processing system composed of measuring, feeding equipment and control system, and the processing process is actively completed by the system.
A series of operations such as dimension measurement, tool compensation adjustment, cutting processing, and machine tool parking are automatically completed, and the required dimension accuracy is reached actively. For example, when processing on a CNC machine tool, the parts are processed through various instructions of the program to control the processing order and processing accuracy.
That is, first try to cut out a small part of the processing surface, measure the scale obtained from the test cutting, adjust the position of the cutting edge of the tool relative to the workpiece according to the processing requirements, and then try to cut, and then measure, so after two or three trial cuts and measurements, When the processed size reaches the requirements, the entire surface to be processed is then cut.
The trial cutting method goes through 'trial cutting-measurement-adjustment-retry cutting' and repeats until it reaches the required scale accuracy and stops. For example, the trial boring of the box hole system.
The accuracy of the trial cutting method may be very high. It does not require messy equipment, but this method is time-consuming (requires multiple adjustments, trial cutting, measurement, and accounting), low power, and depends on the skill level and measurement of the workers The precision and quality of the utensils are unstable, so they are only used for single-piece small batch production.
As a type of trial-cutting method——matching, it is based on the processed part, processing the other-workpiece which is well-matched, or combining two (or more) work pieces together for processing Method. The requirements for reaching the final processed dimensions in the matching work are based on the requirements for cooperation with the processed parts.
(2) Adjustment method
Pre-adjust the precise relative positions of the machine tool, fixtures, cutting tools and workpieces with sample or standard parts to ensure the accuracy of the dimensions of the workpiece. Because the scale is adjusted in advance, there is no need to try cutting again during processing. The scale is automatically obtained and remains unchanged during the processing of a batch of parts. This is the adjustment method. For example, when using a milling machine fixture, the orientation of the tool is determined by the tool set. The essence of the adjustment method is to use the fixed-range equipment or tool setting equipment on the machine tool or the pre-set tool holder to make the tool reach a certain azimuth accuracy relative to the machine tool or fixture, and then process a batch of workpieces.
It is also a kind of adjustment method to feed the tool according to the dial and then cut on the machine tool. This method requires first to determine the scale on the dial according to the trial cut method. In mass production, tool setting equipment such as fixed-range stoppers, prototypes, and prototypes are often used for adjustment.
The adjustment method is more stable than the cutting method. It has high productivity. It does not require high machine tool operators, but it has high requirements for machine tool adjusters. It is often used in batch production and mass production.
(3) Scaling method
The method of using the corresponding dimensions of the tool to ensure the dimensions of the processed part of the workpiece is called the sizing method. It uses standard-scale tool processing, and the size of the machined surface is determined by the tool size. That is, a tool with a certain degree of accuracy (such as a reamer, a reamer, a drill, etc.) is used to ensure the accuracy of the workpiece (such as a hole).
The sizing method is easy to operate, has high productivity, and the processing accuracy is relatively stable. It has nothing to do with the technical level of the workers. It has high productivity and is widely used in various types of production. For example, drilling, reaming, etc.
(4) Active measurement method
In the process of machining, measuring the machining dimensions while machining, and comparing the measured results with the dimensions required by the plan, or make the machine tool continue to operate or stop the machine tool. This is the active measurement method.
The value in the active measurement can be displayed digitally. The active measurement method adds measurement equipment to the process system (that is, the unity of machine tools, tools, fixtures, and workpieces) and becomes its fifth element.
The active measurement method has stable quality and high productivity, which is the development direction.
(5) Active control method
This method is composed of measuring equipment, feeding equipment and control system. It is an active processing system composed of measuring, feeding equipment and control system, and the processing process is actively completed by the system.
A series of operations such as dimension measurement, tool compensation adjustment, cutting processing, and machine tool parking are automatically completed, and the required dimension accuracy is reached actively. For example, when processing on a CNC machine tool, the parts are processed through various instructions of the program to control the processing order and processing accuracy.
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