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What is the difference in the machining of mechanical parts? If the parts are not good, where does the problem occur?
by：Foxron
2021-11-17
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What are the main causes of errors in the machining of mechanical parts?
Machining accuracy refers to the degree of conformity between the actual geometric parameters (size, shape and position) of the mechanical parts after machining and the ideal geometric parameters. In the machining of mechanical parts, errors are inevitable, but the errors must be within the allowable range .Through error analysis, master the basic law of its change, so as to take corresponding measures to reduce machining errors and improve machining accuracy.
1. Spindle rotation error. Spindle rotation error refers to the variation of the actual rotation axis of the spindle relative to its average rotation axis at each moment. The main reasons for the spindle radial rotation error are: the coaxiality of the spindle journals Errors, various errors of the bearings themselves, coaxiality errors between bearings, spindle deflection, etc.
2. Guide rail error. The guide rail is the benchmark for determining the relative positional relationship of various machine tool components on the machine tool, and it is also the benchmark for machine tool movement. The uneven wear and installation quality of the guide rail are also important factors that cause the guide rail error.
3. Transmission chain error. The transmission error of the transmission chain refers to the error of the relative movement between the first and last ends of the transmission chain in the internal connection. The transmission error is caused by the manufacturing and assembly errors of each component of the transmission chain And caused by wear during use.
4. The geometric error of the tool. Any tool will inevitably be worn during the cutting process, and this will cause the size and shape of the workpiece to change.
5. Positioning error. The first is the error of reference misalignment. The reference used to determine the size and position of a certain surface on the part drawing is called the design reference. It is used on the process drawing to determine the surface processing of the process The datum based on the latter size and position is called the process datum. When processing the workpiece on the machine tool, several geometric elements on the workpiece need to be selected as the positioning datum during processing. If the selected positioning datum does not coincide with the design datum, then There will be a benchmark misalignment error. The second is the inaccurate manufacturing error of the positioning pair.
6. The error caused by the force deformation of the process system. The first is the stiffness of the workpiece. In the process system, if the stiffness of the workpiece is relatively low compared to the machine tool, tool, and fixture, under the action of the cutting force, the workpiece is caused by insufficient stiffness The impact of the deformation on the machining accuracy is relatively large. The second is the stiffness of the tool. The rigidity of the external turning tool in the normal direction of the machining surface is very large, and its deformation can be ignored. Boring an inner hole with a small diameter, the rigidity of the tool bar is very high Poor, the force and deformation of the tool holder have a great impact on the accuracy of hole processing. The third is the stiffness of machine tool components. Machine tool components are composed of many parts. There is no suitable simple calculation method for machine tool component stiffness. At present, experimental methods are mainly used to machine tools. Component stiffness.
7. Errors caused by thermal deformation of the process system. Thermal deformation of the process system has a relatively large impact on the machining accuracy, especially in precision machining and large-scale processing. The machining error caused by thermal deformation can sometimes account for the total error of the workpiece 50% of it.
8. Adjustment error. In each process of machining, the process system must be adjusted in one way or another. Since the adjustment cannot be absolutely accurate, adjustment errors occur. In the process system, the workpiece, The mutual position accuracy of the tools on the machine tool is guaranteed by adjusting the machine tool, tool, fixture or workpiece. When the original accuracy of the machine tool, tool, fixture and workpiece blank meets the process requirements without considering dynamic factors, adjust The influence of error plays a decisive role in machining accuracy.
9. Measurement error. When measuring mechanical parts during processing or after processing, the measurement accuracy is directly affected by the measurement method, the accuracy of the measuring tool, the workpiece, and the subjective and objective factors.
To select the right mechanical parts processing, log in: http://www.dghongye.com
What are the main causes of errors in the machining of mechanical parts?
Machining accuracy refers to the degree of conformity between the actual geometric parameters (size, shape and position) of the mechanical parts after machining and the ideal geometric parameters. In the machining of mechanical parts, errors are inevitable, but the errors must be within the allowable range .Through error analysis, master the basic law of its change, so as to take corresponding measures to reduce machining errors and improve machining accuracy.
1. Spindle rotation error. Spindle rotation error refers to the variation of the actual rotation axis of the spindle relative to its average rotation axis at each moment. The main reasons for the spindle radial rotation error are: the coaxiality of the spindle journals Errors, various errors of the bearings themselves, coaxiality errors between bearings, spindle deflection, etc.
2. Guide rail error. The guide rail is the benchmark for determining the relative positional relationship of various machine tool components on the machine tool, and it is also the benchmark for machine tool movement. The uneven wear and installation quality of the guide rail are also important factors that cause the guide rail error.
3. Transmission chain error. The transmission error of the transmission chain refers to the error of the relative movement between the first and last ends of the transmission chain in the internal connection. The transmission error is caused by the manufacturing and assembly errors of each component of the transmission chain And caused by wear during use.
4. The geometric error of the tool. Any tool will inevitably be worn during the cutting process, and this will cause the size and shape of the workpiece to change.
5. Positioning error. The first is the error of reference misalignment. The reference used to determine the size and position of a certain surface on the part drawing is called the design reference. It is used on the process drawing to determine the surface processing of the process The datum based on the latter size and position is called the process datum. When processing the workpiece on the machine tool, several geometric elements on the workpiece need to be selected as the positioning datum during processing. If the selected positioning datum does not coincide with the design datum, then There will be a benchmark misalignment error. The second is the inaccurate manufacturing error of the positioning pair.
6. The error caused by the force deformation of the process system. The first is the stiffness of the workpiece. In the process system, if the stiffness of the workpiece is relatively low compared to the machine tool, tool, and fixture, under the action of the cutting force, the workpiece is caused by insufficient stiffness The impact of the deformation on the machining accuracy is relatively large. The second is the stiffness of the tool. The rigidity of the external turning tool in the normal direction of the machining surface is very large, and its deformation can be ignored. Boring an inner hole with a small diameter, the rigidity of the tool bar is very high Poor, the force and deformation of the tool holder have a great impact on the accuracy of hole processing. The third is the stiffness of machine tool components. Machine tool components are composed of many parts. There is no suitable simple calculation method for machine tool component stiffness. At present, experimental methods are mainly used to machine tools. Component stiffness.
7. Errors caused by thermal deformation of the process system. Thermal deformation of the process system has a relatively large impact on the machining accuracy, especially in precision machining and large-scale processing. The machining error caused by thermal deformation can sometimes account for the total error of the workpiece 50% of it.
8. Adjustment error. In each process of machining, the process system must be adjusted in one way or another. Since the adjustment cannot be absolutely accurate, adjustment errors occur. In the process system, the workpiece, The mutual position accuracy of the tools on the machine tool is guaranteed by adjusting the machine tool, tool, fixture or workpiece. When the original accuracy of the machine tool, tool, fixture and workpiece blank meets the process requirements without considering dynamic factors, adjust The influence of error plays a decisive role in machining accuracy.
9. Measurement error. When measuring mechanical parts during processing or after processing, the measurement accuracy is directly affected by the measurement method, the accuracy of the measuring tool, the workpiece, and the subjective and objective factors.
To select the right mechanical parts processing, log in: http://www.dghongye.com
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