Lathe turning groove operation

The grooves are provided on the parts, one is to facilitate subsequent processing, such as thread undercuts on lathes, overtravel grooves for grinding, etc.; the other is the accuracy of the axial positioning of the parts during assembly, such as shoulders Groove; the third is T-shaped grooves and dovetail grooves for free movement or fastening; the fourth is to set different forms of lubrication grooves on the mating surfaces that move each other, as well as sealing grooves and dust-proofing functions for sealing or dust prevention Slot and so on. The structure of the groove includes rectangular groove, forming groove, oblique scouring groove and end groove. According to the groove position, it can be divided into outer groove and inner groove. Cutting of rectangular grooves: When turning rectangular grooves, the geometric parameters and installation methods of the grooving tool are roughly similar to those of the cutting tool. They also have two symmetrical tool tips, secondary deflection angles and secondary relief angles, the main cutting edge and the workpiece axis parallel. The basic methods of cutting rectangular grooves are: 1) When cutting narrow rectangular grooves, the width of the main cutting edge is equal to the width of the groove, the length of the cutter head is slightly larger than the depth of the groove, and the turning tool goes straight in and out at one time. 2) For turning a wider rectangular groove, a narrower grooving tool can be used to perform rough turning from left to right for several times. After leaving a margin on the bottom and two sides of the groove, use a fine turning tool to turn to size. Cutting of forming grooves: forming grooves include arc grooves and trapezoidal grooves. 1) Narrow arc grooves or trapezoidal grooves, grinding the cutting edge of the groove into the same shape and size as the forming groove, and turning out at one time. 2) The wider and deeper forming groove, especially the inner hole forming groove, is restricted by the rigidity of the turning tool, so the following two methods are often adopted: ① Cutting in two steps. Generally, straight grooves are first turned with a grooving tool, and then turned into shapes with a forming tool. ②Left-to-right knife feed or diagonal feed. When the lathe has an extra wide and extra deep groove, it can move the small slide while the middle slide moves horizontally to make the turning tool move to the left or right to form the left and right channeling feed of single-sided cutting; or While the middle sliding plate is feeding horizontally, the small sliding plate is shaken to make the turning tool move in one direction with a small amount of single-sided oblique feeding. After the rough turning, the heddle amount is left, and then the fine turning tool is used to turn to the size. Cutting of oblique groove: Oblique groove is used to grind the overtravel groove of the cylindrical surface and the end surface at the same time, forming an empty knife in both directions of the cylindrical surface and the end surface. Oblique grooves are divided into straight and circular shapes, and the general inclination is 45. , The lathe grooving tool has the characteristics of the inner hole turning tool. According to the size of the groove arc, each part of the cutting edge should be ground into the corresponding arc relief angle. When cutting, turn the small slide plate to 450, and use the small slide plate to cut into shape at one time. Cutting of the face groove: The grooving tool for cutting the face groove has the comprehensive characteristics of an external turning tool and an internal turning tool. There are two inner and outer tool tips, one is equivalent to an external turning tool, and the other on a lathe is equivalent to an internal turning tool. . Therefore, lathes should be based on their respective cutting characteristics. Sharpen the grooving knife. (1) The geometry of the straight groove grooving knife on the end face of the car. The outer tip of the lathe tool. It is equivalent to turning the inner hole, so its auxiliary back surface should be ground to the corresponding arc-shaped auxiliary back angle R according to the size of the end surface arc to prevent the auxiliary back surface from colliding with the outer groove surface. (2) Turning T-shaped grooves Turning T-shaped grooves is carried out in three steps using three kinds of turning tools: 1) Use a straight groove cutting tool on the end face, longitudinal feed, and turn out a straight groove on the end face. 2) Use the elbow right grooving tool instead, just like the straight groove in the inner hole of the car, the outer groove is out of the car. 3) Use an elbow left grooving tool to drive out the inner groove. (3) The steps and methods of turning the dovetail groove are basically the same as the method of cutting the T-shaped groove. Three kinds of turning tools are used in three steps, that is, after turning the straight groove on the end face, use the left and right inclined forming tools respectively. , Shape the dovetail groove. When turning T-slots and dovetail grooves, the cutting edge on the outside of the turning should also be sharpened in accordance with the principle of the inner hole turning tool. Due to the limited width of the straight groove on the end face of the lathe, the shank of the left and right elbow grooving knives and the left and right bevel forming knives are thinner, and the strength of the cutter head is poor, so the feed rate should be appropriately reduced and observed at any time Chip removal status, timely removal. When the lathe uses high-speed steel turning tools, the cutting speed should also be reduced and cutting fluid should be added.